Fluid Mechanics
The study of fluids - liquids and gases. Involves various properties of the fluid, such as velocity, pressure, density and temperature, as functions of space and time.
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Kv Diagram Water Valves
Kv diagram for modulating water valves
Absolute or Dynamic Viscosity Online Converter
Convert between dynamic or absolute viscosity units - Poiseuille, Poise, centPoise and more
Air - Altitude, Density and Specific Volume
The density and the specific volume of air varies with the elevation above sea level
Air - Temperature, Pressure and Density
Air density for pressures and temperatures ranging 0 - 1000 psi and 30 - 600 deg F
Baumé's Hydrometer
Liquids - Degrees on Baumé's Hydrometer converted to Specific Gravity
Bernoulli Equation
Conservation of energy - non-viscous, incompressible fluid in steady flow
Bulk Modulus and Fluid Elasticity
Introduction and definition of Bulk Modulus Elasticity - commonly used to characterize compressibility of fluids
Buoyancy
The resultant force on a submerged body
Capillarity
Capillarity or capillary action is the ability of a narrow tube to draw a liquid upwards against the force of gravity
Carbon Dioxide Concentration in Rooms
The carbon dioxide concentration in rooms can be used to indicate air quality and ventilation system efficiency
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Cauchy Number
An introduction and a definition of the Cauchy Number
Cavitation - an Introduction
Cavitation may occur in fluid flow systems where local static pressure is below the vapor pressure
Center of Gravity - Center of Buoyancy
Stability - Center of gravity and center of buoyancy
Chezy Formula
Conduits flow and mean velocity
Colebrook Equation
Calculate friction loss coefficients in pipes, tubes and ducts
Compressible Gas Flow - Entropy
Calculating entropy in compressible gas flow
Compression and Expansion of Gases
Isothermal and Isentropic processes
Conservation of Mass
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that mass can neither be created or destroyed
D'Arcy-Weisbach Equation for Pressure and Head Loss
The D'Arcy-Weisbach formula can be used to calculate pressure or head loss due to friction in ducts, pipes and tubes
Density of Fluids - Changing Pressure and Temperature
Calculating density of fluids when changing pressure and temperature
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Density, Specific Weight and Specific Gravity
An introduction and definition of density, specific weight and specific gravity - formulas with examples
Drag Coefficient
The drag coefficient expresses the drag of an object in a moving fluid
Dynamic Pressure
Dynamic pressure is the component of fluid pressure representing the fluid kinetic energy
Dynamic Viscosity of some common Liquids
Absolute or Dynamic Viscosity viscosity of some common fluids
Dynamic or Absolute Viscosity Converting Chart
Absolute or dynamic viscosity converting chart - units like Poiseuille - Poise - centiPoise and more
Dynamic, Absolute and Kinematic Viscosity
An introduction to dynamic, absolute and kinematic viscosity and how to convert between CentiStokes (cSt), CentiPoises (cP), Saybolt Universal Seconds (SSU), degree Engler and more
Energy and Hydraulic Grade Line
The hydraulic grade and the energy line are graphical presentations of the Bernoulli equation
Entrance Length and Developed Flow
The entrance length is the length in a tube or duct until the flow velocity profile is fully developed after an obstruction
Equation of Continuity
The Equation of Continuity is a statement of mass conservation
Equation of Mechanical Energy
The equation of mechanical energy in terms of Energy per Unit Mass, Energy per Unit Volume and Energy per Unit Weight involving head
Equations in Fluid Mechanics
Common fluid mechanics equations - Bernoulli, conservation of energy, conservation of mass, pressure, Navier-Stokes, ideal gas law, Euler equations, Laplace equations, Darcy-Weisbach Equation and more
Equivalent Diameter
Convert rectangular and oval duct geometry to a equivalent circular diameter - online calculator with imperial and SI-units
Euler Number
An introduction and definition of the Euler Number in fluid mechanics
Euler equations
The behavior of ideal compressible gas can be described by the Euler equations
Flow Coefficient Cv and Flow Factor Kv
Comparing flow coefficient Cv with flow factor Kv
Flow Section Channels - Geometric Relationships
Geometric relationships like area, wetted perimeter and hydraulic diameter
Fluids - Kinematic Viscosities
Kinematic viscosities of some common fluids - motor oil, diesel fuel, peanut oil and many more
Friction Coefficient at Laminar Flow
Laminar flow and friction coefficients
Friction Loss Viscous Liquids
Friction loss in steel pipes - viscosities ranging 32 - 80000 SSU
Froude Number
An introduction to and a definition of the Froude Number
Gas Mixture Properties
Special care must be taken for gas mixtures when using the ideal gas law, calculating the mass, the individual gas constant or the density
Gases - Ratios of Specific Heat
Heat capacity of a gas in a constant pressure process - to heat capacity in a constant volume process
Hazen-Williams Coefficients
Hazen-Williams factor for some common piping materials
Hazen-Williams Equation - calculating Friction Head Loss in Water Pipes
Friction head loss (ftH2O per 100 ft pipe) in water pipes can be estimated by using the empirical Hazen-Williams equation
Heating Systems - Steel Pipe Pressure Loss Diagram
Steel pipes and tubes - pressure loss diagram hot water heating systems
Hydraulic Diameter
Hydraulic diameter of ducts and tubes
Hydrostatic Pressure
Static pressure of water
Ideal Gas Law
In perfect or ideal gas the change in density is directly related to the change of temperature and pressure as expressed by the Ideal Gas Law
Imperial and SI Fluid Mechanics Dimensions and Units
Imperial (USCS) and SI dimensions and units terminology
Isentropic Flow
Constant entropy flow is called isentropic flow
Kinematic Conversion Diagram
Convert diagram between Centistokes, Saybolt and Redwood seconds
Kinematic Viscosity Online Calculator
Convert between different kinematic viscosity units - centistokes, poise, lentor and more
Laminar, Transitional or Turbulent Flow
When calculating heat transfer or pressure and head loss it is important to know if the fluid flow is laminar, transitional or turbulent
Laplace Equation
Laplace equation are important in fluid dynamics describing the behavior of gravitational and fluid potentials
Lift and Drag
Body in fluid flow - lift and drag
Mach Number
Introduction and definition of the Mach Number
Major Loss Online Calculator for Fluid Flow using Darcy-Weisbach Friction Loss Equation
An online major loss calculator using Darcy-Weisbach friction loss equation. Energy (or head) loss is expressed in length units
Major loss in Ducts, Tubes and Pipes
Major loss - head loss or pressure loss - due to friction in ducts, pipes and tubes
Manning's Formula for Gravity Flow
Manning's equation for calculating gravity flow in open channels
Manning's Roughness Coefficient
Manning's roughness coefficient values for some common materials
Mass and Weight
Weight and mass - the difference
Minor Loss Coefficients for Air Duct Components
Minor loss - pressure or head loss - coefficients for air duct distribution systems components
Minor Loss Coefficients in Pipes and Tubes Components
Minor loss coefficients for common used components in pipe and tube systems
Minor Loss in Pipe or Duct Components
Minor loss, pressure or head loss in pipe, tube and duct system components
Mixtures, Solutions and Suspensions
The difference between mixtures, solutions and suspensions
Moody Diagram
A very nice Moody Diagram that can be used to estimate friction coefficients
Moody Friction Flow Factor
Online Moody friction flow factor calculator - used in the Darcy-Weisbach major loss equation
Navier-Stokes Equations
The Navier-Stokes equations are the fundamental partial differentials equations describing incompressible fluid flow
Nozzles
Gas flow through nozzles - sonic chokes
Oil Viscosity Conversion Values
Convert between common oil viscosity units
Orifice, Nozzle and Venturi Flow Rate Meters
The orifice, nozzle and venturi flow rate meters use the Bernoulli Equation to calculate the fluid flow rate using pressure difference through obstructions in the flow
Pascal's Laws
Pascal's laws relates to pressures in fluids
Pipe Velocities
Calculate fluid flow and pipe velocity
Poiseulle's Formula
Volume discharged through a smooth-walled circular pipe
Prandtl Number
The Prandtl Number is a dimensionless number approximating the ratio of momentum diffusivity and thermal diffusivity
Pressure
Introduction to pressure - relationship psi and Pa - online pressure units converter
Pressure Coefficient
The pressure coefficient is important in most fluid flow situations
Pressure Units Online Converter
Convert between common pressure units like Pa, bar, atmosphere, pound square feet, psi and more
Pressure-Gradient Diagrams
A pressure-gradient diagram is a graphical presentation of the static pressure throughout a fluid flow system
Pump Affinity Laws
Turbo machines affinity laws are used to calculate volume capacity, head or power consumption in centrifugal pumps when changing speed - rpm - or wheel diameters
Pumps, Compressors, Blowers and Fans
Comparing pumps, compressors, blowers and fans
Reynolds Number
An introduction and definition of the dimensionless Reynolds Number - with online calculators
Solubility
Measure of the maximum amount of a solute that can be dissolved in a solvent
Specific Work of Turbo Machines - Pumps, Compressors and Fans
Specific work of pumps, fans, compressors and turbines
Speed of Sound Formulas
Calculation formulas for velocity of sound in gases, fluids or solids
Static Pressure and Pressure Head in Fluids
Static pressure and pressure head
Stoke's Formula
Viscosity force acting on a smooth sphere
Strouhal Number
An introduction to and a definition of the Strouhal Number
Surface Tension
Surface tension of some common liquids like water, mercury, oils and more
Technical Terms in Fluid Mechanics
Some of the most common used technical terms used in fluid mechanics
The Individual and Universal Gas Constant
The Individual and Universal Gas Constant in fluid mechanics and thermodynamics
Total Pressure or Head Loss in Pipe or Duct Systems
Major and minor loss in pipe, tubes and duct systems
U-Tube Manometer
The inclined and vertical u-tube manometers are inexpensive and common in differential pressure measurements of flow meters like pitot tubes, orifices and nozzles
Velocity Head
Dynamic pressure and velocity head
Viscosity Converting Chart
A converting table between viscosity units like Centiposes, milliPascal, CentiStokes and SSU
Water - Absolute or Dynamic Viscosity
Absolute, or dynamic viscosity of water in centipoises for temperatures between 32 - 200oF
Water - Dynamic and Kinematic Viscosity
Viscosity of water at temperatures between 0 - 100oC (32 - 212oF) - in Imperial and SI Units
Water - Speed of Sound
Speed of sound in water at temperatures between 32 - 212 oF (0 - 100 oC) - imperial and SI units
Water Flow in Tubes - Reynolds Number
Reynolds Number in pipes transporting clean cold water
Weber Number
An introduction to and a definition of the Weber Number
Wind Energy
Available wind energy
Wind Power
Power generated from the wind
Wind Shear
Wind is slowed down at the surface by trees and obstructions
Wind Turbine Power Calculator
Online wind turbine calculator
Cavitations Number
An introduction to and a definition of the Cavitations Number
