Electrical
Amps and electrical wiring, AWG - wire gauge, electrical formulas, motors and units
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AWG - American Wire Gauge and Circular Mils
American Wire Gauge - AWG - and circular mils
AWG to square mm Wire Gauge Conversion
Convert American Wire Gauge (AWG) to square mm cross sectional area
Amps and Wire Gauge - 12V Circuit
Maximum current - amps - through a 12V circuit in combination with size (AWG) and length of wire
Asynchronous Motors - Electrical Data
Electrical motor data - nominal current, fuse, start ampere, contactor and circuit breaker of asynchronous motors
Automotive 12 Volts Electric Wiring
Current load and maximum wire length
CE Marking
Before products are sold within the European - EU - market, they have to be
CM - Circular Mil Area
The circular mil area - CM - is a unit denoting the cross-sectional size of a wire or cable
Capacitors
Capacitors and capacitance - charge and unit of charge
Capacitors - Energy Stored
Energy stored and potential power generated from capacitors
Capacitors in Parallel and Series
Capacitors and parallel and series capacitance
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Circuit Wiring - Single Phase (230V) Electrical Motors
Recommended copper wire gage and transformer size for single phase - 230 Volts - electrical motors
Circuit Wiring - Three Phase (230 & 460V) Electrical Motors
Recommended copper wire gage and transformer size for Three Phase - 230 & 460V - electrical motors
Colour Code for Fixed Resistors
Value and tolerance
Conductors
Conductors and conductivity
Converting Ampere between Single Phase and 3 Phase
Converting amperage between single phase (120, 240 and 480 Voltage) and three phase (240 and 480 Voltage)
Converting from NEMA to IEC Enclosure Classifications
Converting from NEMA enclosure classifications to IEC enclosure classifications
Copper Wire
Gage, circular mils, electrical resistance and weight
Electrical Formulas
The most common used electrical formulas - Ohms Law and combinations
Electrical Motor - Full Load Current
Full load current - 460 Volts, 230 Volts and 115 Volts motors - single and 3-phase
Electrical Motor Calculator
Online electric motor calculator - calculate amps, hp and kVA
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Electrical Motor Efficiency
Calculating electric motor efficiency
Electrical Motor Frame Dimensions
NEMA electrical motor frame sizes
Electrical Motor Locked Rotor Indicating Code Letters
Indicating locked rotor code letters for electrical motors
Electrical Motors - Efficiency Ratings
NEMA - electrical motors efficiency ratings
Electrical Motors - HP, Torque and RPM
Horsepower versus torque and motor velocity - rpm
Electrical Motors - Insulation Classes
Temperature and insulation classes
Electrical Motors - Starting Devices
Direct-on-line Starters, Star-Delta Starters, Frequency Drives and Soft Starters
Electrical Motors and Heat Loss
Heat gain from electrical motors to the surroundings
Electrical Potential - e.m.f
Change in electrical potential between two points
Electrical Units
Definition of common electrical units as Ampere, Volt, Ohm, Siemens and more.
Electrode Potential and Galvanic Corrosion
An introduction to the electrochemical series and corrosion of metals
Frequency and Speed of Electrical Motors
The velocity of 2, 4, 6 and 8 poles electrical motors at 50 Hz and 60 Hz
IEC - NEMA Standard Torques
Comparing IEC and NEMA torque classifications of electrical motors
IEC Duty Cycles
The eight - S1 - S8 - IEC duty cycles of operating electrical motors
IP - Ingress Protection Ratings
IP - Ingress Protection rating is used to specify the environmental protection - electrical enclosure - of electrical equipment
Inductance
Electro Magnetic Field - EMF - induced into a circuit
Inductors - Energy Stored
Energy stored in the magnetic field
KVA
Apparent, True Applied and Reactive Power
Kirchhoff's Laws
Kirchhoff's current and voltage laws
Letter and Digit Code for Resistors
Indicating value of resistors by letter and digit code
Lights - Installed Power
Installed light power in some common types of buildings and rooms
Motor Wiring Data - 480 Volt
Motor wiring data - NEMA Amps, Starter size, HMCP Size .. - motors ranging 1/2 - 500 HP
NEMA - National Electrical Manufacturers Association
National Electrical Manufacturers Association
NEMA A, B, C and D Design
NEMA has established four different designs - A, B, C and D - for electrical induction motors
NEMA Electrical Enclosure Types
General description of NEMA electrical enclosures types
NEMA Enclosure Standards of Electrical Motors
The NEMA enclosure standards of electrical motors
NEMA Insulation Classes
Insulation systems are rated by standard NEMA classifications to maximum allowable operating temperatures
Nema Starters
Nema size starters
Online Wire Gauge - AWG - Calculator
Calculate AWG, mil, mm, CM or square mm
Parallel Circuits
Resistors connected in parallel
Potential Divider
Output voltage from a potential divider
Power Factor for a Three-Phase Electrical Motor
Power Factor definition for a three-phase electrical motor
Power and Horsepower in Electrical Motors
Electrical power is rated in Horsepower or Watts
Rechargeable Batteries
Properties of rechargeable batteries or accumulators
Resistance and Conductance
The reciprocal of electrical Resistance is called Conductance
Resistance and Resistivity
Electrical resistance and resistivity
Resistivity, Conductivity and Temperature Coefficients for some Common Materials
Resistivity, conductivity and temperature coefficients for some common materials as silver, gold, platinum, iron and more - Including a tutorial explanation of resistivity and conductivity
Series Circuits
Voltage and current
Service Factor
The service factor - SF - is a measure of periodically overload capacity at which a motor can operate without overload or damage
Single Phase Power Equations
Single phase electrical power equations
Slip in Electrical Induction Motors
The difference between the synchronous and asynchronous speed - also named rated speed - is "the slip"
Speed of Electrical Motors with operating Loads
The speed of operating electrical motors with loads, are lower than the motors synchronous speed (no load)
Synchronous Speed of Electrical Motors
The speed at which an induction motor will operate depends on the input power frequency and the number of electrical magnetic poles in the motor
Synchronous and Full Load Speed of Induction Motors
Synchronous and approximate full load speed of amplitude current (AC) induction motors
Three Phase Power Equations
Electrical 3-phase equations
Three-Phase Electrical Motors
Full load amps - wire and conduit size
Torques in Electrical Induction Motors
There are some common torques used to describe and classify electrical motors
Transformer
Alternating voltage and induced e.m.f in an ideal transformer
Transients
A transient is a high voltage spike caused by external or internal transient sources
Variable-Frequency Drives - Heat Loss and Required Ventilation
A variable-frequency drive develops heat loss during work. To avoid overheating it is often necessary to ventilate the location around the frequency-drive
Voltage Drop
Ohm's law and calculating voltage drop
Voltage Imbalance and Derating Factor in Polyphase Motors
The efficiency of an electrical polyphase motor decreases with increased voltage imbalance.
Wire Gauges
The common US wire gauges - AWG gauges
